Which of the following are examples of intermolecular forces?

• A. Hydrogen bonding
• B. Covalent bonding
• C. London dispersion forces
• D. Ionic bonding

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the difference between intermolecular and intramolecular forces. Intermolecular forces are forces of attraction or repulsion which act between neighboring particles (molecules, atoms, or ions), while intramolecular forces are the forces that hold atoms together within a molecule (such as covalent or ionic bonds).
2. Identify the types of forces listed: Hydrogen bonding, Covalent bonding, London dispersion forces, and Ionic bonding.
3. Recognize that hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole intermolecular force occurring when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms like N, O, or F.
4. Know that London dispersion forces are weak intermolecular forces arising from temporary dipoles in molecules or atoms, present in all molecules but especially significant in nonpolar ones.
5. Understand that covalent bonding and ionic bonding are intramolecular forces because they involve the sharing or transfer of electrons within molecules or between ions, not forces between separate molecules.