Which statement best describes the relationship between a mole and Avogadro's number?

• A. Avogadro's number is only applicable to gases and not to solids or liquids.
• B. A mole is defined as the volume occupied by 6.022 × 10^{23} atoms at standard temperature and pressure.
• C. One mole of any substance contains exactly 6.022 × 10^{23} representative particles, which is Avogadro's number.
• D. Avogadro's number is the mass of one mole of a substance measured in grams.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that a mole is a fundamental unit in chemistry used to count particles, such as atoms, molecules, or ions, similar to how a dozen counts 12 items.
2. Recognize that Avogadro's number, which is \$6.022 \times 10^{23}$, represents the exact number of representative particles contained in one mole of any substance.
3. Note that Avogadro's number applies universally to all states of matter—gases, liquids, and solids—not just gases.
4. Clarify that a mole is not defined by volume or mass alone; instead, it is defined by the number of particles, regardless of the substance's physical state or mass.
5. Conclude that the correct relationship is: One mole of any substance contains exactly \$6.022 \times 10^{23}$ representative particles, which is Avogadro's number.