Which statement best describes the electron sea model for metallic bonding?

• A. Electrons are shared between two specific atoms, forming localized covalent bonds.
• B. Metal atoms release their valence electrons, which move freely throughout the entire structure, creating a 'sea' of electrons.
• C. Electrons are tightly bound to individual atoms and do not participate in bonding.
• D. Electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of positive and negative ions.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that the electron sea model is a way to describe metallic bonding, which is different from covalent or ionic bonding.
2. Recall that in metallic bonding, metal atoms release their valence electrons, which are not held tightly by any single atom.
3. These released electrons move freely throughout the entire metal structure, creating a 'sea' of delocalized electrons.
4. This 'sea' of electrons allows metal atoms to be held together by electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ions and the mobile electrons.
5. Recognize that this model explains properties of metals such as electrical conductivity, malleability, and ductility, which are not explained by localized covalent or ionic bonding.