How does atomic radius change as you move from top to bottom within a group on the periodic table?

• A. Atomic radius first increases, then decreases.
• B. Atomic radius increases.
• C. Atomic radius remains constant.
• D. Atomic radius decreases.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that atomic radius refers to the size of an atom, typically measured as the distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron cloud.
2. Recognize that as you move down a group in the periodic table, each successive element has an additional electron shell compared to the one above it.
3. Since each new electron shell is farther from the nucleus, the overall size of the atom increases despite the increasing positive charge in the nucleus.
4. Consider the effect of shielding: inner electron shells reduce the effective nuclear charge felt by outer electrons, allowing the outermost electrons to be held less tightly and thus increasing atomic radius.
5. Conclude that because of the addition of electron shells and shielding effects, the atomic radius increases as you move from top to bottom within a group on the periodic table.