Which of the following best describes the meaning of the term 'theory' in the context of atomic theory?

• A. A hypothesis that has not yet been tested or confirmed.
• B. A random guess about the behavior of atoms.
• C. An unproven idea that lacks any scientific evidence.
• D. A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Begin by understanding the term 'theory' in scientific context. In science, a theory is not a mere guess or hypothesis; it is a comprehensive explanation of some aspect of the natural world.
2. Recognize that a scientific theory is built upon a substantial body of evidence. This evidence comes from repeated observations and experiments that consistently support the theory.
3. Differentiate between a hypothesis and a theory. A hypothesis is an initial, testable statement or prediction, whereas a theory is a well-established framework that explains phenomena based on accumulated evidence.
4. Consider the role of atomic theory in chemistry. Atomic theory provides a detailed explanation of the structure and behavior of atoms, supported by extensive experimental data and observations.
5. Conclude that the correct description of 'theory' in the context of atomic theory is: 'A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment.'