Why do different atoms produce distinct lines in their emission spectra?

• A. Atoms emit lines only when they are ionized, and the number of lines depends on the number of neutrons.
• B. All atoms absorb the same wavelengths of light, but emit different colors due to temperature differences.
• C. Spectral lines are produced by the movement of protons within the nucleus, which varies between atoms.
• D. Each atom has a unique arrangement of electrons and energy levels, resulting in characteristic transitions and spectral lines.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that atoms have electrons arranged in specific energy levels or shells around the nucleus.
2. Recognize that when an atom absorbs energy, its electrons can move to higher energy levels (excited states).
3. When these excited electrons return to lower energy levels, they release energy in the form of light (photons).
4. The energy difference between the levels determines the wavelength (color) of the emitted light, producing spectral lines.
5. Since each element has a unique set of energy levels, the pattern of emitted spectral lines is unique to each type of atom.