Which of the following best describes the main difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?

• A. An ionic bond forms only between nonmetals, while a covalent bond forms only between metals.
• B. An ionic bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, while a covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms.
• C. An ionic bond results in molecules, while a covalent bond results in the formation of ions.
• D. An ionic bond is weaker than a covalent bond.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the nature of ionic bonds. Ionic bonds form when one atom transfers one or more electrons to another atom, resulting in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions that attract each other.
2. Step 2: Understand the nature of covalent bonds. Covalent bonds form when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons to achieve a full outer electron shell.
3. Step 3: Compare the electron behavior in both bonds. Ionic bonding involves electron transfer leading to ions, while covalent bonding involves electron sharing without forming ions.
4. Step 4: Recognize the types of elements involved. Ionic bonds typically form between metals and nonmetals due to their differing electronegativities, whereas covalent bonds usually form between nonmetals.
5. Step 5: Evaluate the given options based on these definitions to identify the statement that correctly distinguishes ionic and covalent bonds.