Which types of intermolecular forces are commonly involved in the formation of solutions?

• A. Only hydrogen bonding
• B. Covalent bonds and metallic bonds
• C. Ion-dipole, hydrogen bonding, and London dispersion forces
• D. Only London dispersion forces

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that intermolecular forces are the attractions between molecules that influence how substances mix and form solutions.
2. Recognize that covalent bonds and metallic bonds are intramolecular forces (within molecules or atoms) and not typically involved in the interactions between different molecules in solutions.
3. Identify the common intermolecular forces involved in solution formation: ion-dipole forces (between ions and polar molecules), hydrogen bonding (a strong dipole-dipole interaction involving H bonded to N, O, or F), and London dispersion forces (weak forces present in all molecules, especially nonpolar ones).
4. Note that hydrogen bonding alone is not the only force involved, and London dispersion forces are always present to some extent, even in polar solutions.
5. Conclude that the correct types of intermolecular forces commonly involved in solution formation are ion-dipole, hydrogen bonding, and London dispersion forces.