What are the valence electrons in an atom primarily responsible for?

• A. Controlling the atomic mass of the element
• B. Determining the number of neutrons in the atom
• C. Maintaining the stability of the atomic nucleus
• D. Determining the chemical reactivity and bonding behavior of the atom

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that valence electrons are the electrons located in the outermost shell (energy level) of an atom.
2. Recognize that these valence electrons are the ones involved in interactions with other atoms, such as forming chemical bonds.
3. Recall that the atomic mass is primarily determined by protons and neutrons in the nucleus, not by electrons.
4. Know that the number of neutrons affects isotopes but is unrelated to valence electrons.
5. Conclude that valence electrons primarily determine the chemical reactivity and bonding behavior of the atom because they participate in forming bonds with other atoms.