Which electrons are primarily involved in chemical bonding between atoms?

• A. Only s-orbital electrons
• B. Valence electrons
• C. Core electrons
• D. All electrons in the atom

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that chemical bonding occurs due to interactions between electrons of atoms.
2. Recognize that electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, called valence electrons, are the ones that participate in bonding because they are the most loosely held and available to interact with other atoms.
3. Core electrons, which are closer to the nucleus and in inner shells, do not typically participate in bonding because they are held tightly by the nucleus and shielded by valence electrons.
4. Note that s-orbital electrons can be valence electrons if they are in the outermost shell, but bonding is not limited to only s-orbital electrons; p, d, and f valence electrons can also be involved depending on the element.
5. Conclude that the electrons primarily involved in chemical bonding are the valence electrons, as they determine how atoms combine to form molecules.