Textbook Question
For each element, indicate the number of valence electrons, core electrons, and unpaired electrons in the ground state: (a) sodium (b) sulfur.
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Table of contents
- 1. Intro to General Chemistry3h 47m
- Classification of Matter18m
- Physical & Chemical Changes19m
- Chemical Properties7m
- Physical Properties5m
- Intensive vs. Extensive Properties13m
- Temperature12m
- Scientific Notation13m
- SI Units7m
- Metric Prefixes24m
- Significant Figures9m
- Significant Figures: Precision in Measurements8m
- Significant Figures: In Calculations14m
- Conversion Factors16m
- Dimensional Analysis17m
- Density12m
- Density of Geometric Objects19m
- Density of Non-Geometric Objects6m
- 2. Atoms & Elements4h 17m
- The Atom9m
- Subatomic Particles15m
- Isotopes17m
- Ions27m
- Atomic Mass28m
- Periodic Table: Classifications11m
- Periodic Table: Group Names8m
- Periodic Table: Representative Elements & Transition Metals7m
- Periodic Table: Element Symbols6m
- Periodic Table: Elemental Forms6m
- Periodic Table: Phases8m
- Periodic Table: Charges20m
- Calculating Molar Mass10m
- Mole Concept31m
- Law of Conservation of Mass5m
- Law of Definite Proportions10m
- Atomic Theory9m
- Law of Multiple Proportions3m
- Millikan Oil Drop Experiment7m
- Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment11m
- 3. Chemical Reactions4h 10m
- Empirical Formula18m
- Molecular Formula20m
- Combustion Analysis38m
- Combustion Apparatus15m
- Polyatomic Ions24m
- Naming Ionic Compounds11m
- Writing Ionic Compounds7m
- Naming Ionic Hydrates6m
- Naming Acids18m
- Naming Molecular Compounds6m
- Balancing Chemical Equations13m
- Stoichiometry16m
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- Percent Yield19m
- Mass Percent4m
- Functional Groups in Chemistry11m
- 4. BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 25m
- 5. BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions48m
- 6. Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions3h 54m
- Solutions6m
- Molarity18m
- Osmolarity15m
- Dilutions15m
- Solubility Rules15m
- Electrolytes19m
- Molecular Equations18m
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- Chemistry Gas Laws: Combined Gas Law12m
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- The Ideal Gas Law: Molar Mass13m
- The Ideal Gas Law: Density14m
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- Standard Temperature and Pressure14m
- Effusion14m
- Root Mean Square Speed9m
- Kinetic Energy of Gases10m
- Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution8m
- Velocity Distributions4m
- Kinetic Molecular Theory14m
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- 8. Thermochemistry2h 37m
- Nature of Energy6m
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- Internal Energy8m
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- Constant-Pressure Calorimetry24m
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- Thermal Equilibrium8m
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- 9. Quantum Mechanics2h 59m
- Wavelength and Frequency6m
- Speed of Light8m
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- Electromagnetic Spectrum10m
- Photoelectric Effect19m
- De Broglie Wavelength9m
- Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle17m
- Bohr Model14m
- Emission Spectrum5m
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- Introduction to Quantum Mechanics5m
- Quantum Numbers: Principal Quantum Number5m
- Quantum Numbers: Angular Momentum Quantum Number10m
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- Quantum Numbers: Nodes6m
- 10. Periodic Properties of the Elements3h 9m
- The Electron Configuration22m
- The Electron Configuration: Condensed4m
- The Electron Configurations: Exceptions13m
- The Electron Configuration: Ions12m
- Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism8m
- The Electron Configuration: Quantum Numbers16m
- Valence Electrons of Elements12m
- Periodic Trend: Metallic Character3m
- Periodic Trend: Atomic Radius8m
- Periodic Trend: Ionic Radius13m
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- 11. Bonding & Molecular Structure3h 29m
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- 12. Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory1h 58m
- 13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces2h 24m
- Molecular Polarity10m
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- Atomic, Ionic, and Molecular Solids11m
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- Intro to Henry's Law4m
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- The Colligative Properties15m
- Boiling Point Elevation16m
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- Osmosis19m
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- 15. Chemical Kinetics2h 53m
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- 17. Acid and Base Equilibrium5h 3m
- Acids Introduction9m
- Bases Introduction7m
- Binary Acids15m
- Oxyacids10m
- Bases14m
- Amphoteric Species5m
- Arrhenius Acids and Bases5m
- Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases21m
- Lewis Acids and Bases13m
- The pH Scale17m
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- pH of Strong Acids and Bases9m
- Ionic Salts17m
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- pH of Weak Bases32m
- Diprotic Acids and Bases8m
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- 18. Aqueous Equilibrium4h 47m
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- Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation19m
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- Titrations: Diprotic & Polyprotic Buffers32m
- Solubility Product Constant: Ksp17m
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- Selective Precipitation9m
- Complex Ions: Formation Constant18m
- 19. Chemical Thermodynamics1h 51m
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- 21. Nuclear Chemistry2h 37m
- Intro to Radioactivity10m
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- Electron Capture & Positron Emission9m
- Neutron to Proton Ratio7m
- Band of Stability: Alpha Decay & Nuclear Fission10m
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- Band of Stability: Overview14m
- Measuring Radioactivity7m
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- Radioactive Half-Life16m
- Mass Defect19m
- Nuclear Binding Energy14m
- 22. Organic Chemistry5h 7m
- Introduction to Organic Chemistry8m
- Structural Formula8m
- Condensed Formula10m
- Skeletal Formula6m
- Spatial Orientation of Bonds3m
- Intro to Hydrocarbons16m
- Isomers11m
- Chirality15m
- Functional Groups in Chemistry11m
- Naming Alkanes4m
- The Alkyl Groups9m
- Naming Alkanes with Substituents13m
- Naming Cyclic Alkanes6m
- Naming Other Substituents8m
- Naming Alcohols11m
- Naming Alkenes11m
- Naming Alkynes9m
- Naming Ketones5m
- Naming Aldehydes5m
- Naming Carboxylic Acids4m
- Naming Esters8m
- Naming Ethers5m
- Naming Amines5m
- Naming Benzene7m
- Alkane Reactions7m
- Intro to Addition Reactions4m
- Halogenation Reactions4m
- Hydrogenation Reactions3m
- Hydrohalogenation Reactions7m
- Alcohol Reactions: Substitution Reactions4m
- Alcohol Reactions: Dehydration Reactions9m
- Intro to Redox Reactions8m
- Alcohol Reactions: Oxidation Reactions7m
- Aldehydes and Ketones Reactions6m
- Ester Reactions: Esterification4m
- Ester Reactions: Saponification3m
- Carboxylic Acid Reactions4m
- Amine Reactions3m
- Amide Formation4m
- Benzene Reactions10m
- 23. Chemistry of the Nonmetals2h 40m
- Main Group Elements: Bonding Types4m
- Main Group Elements: Boiling & Melting Points7m
- Main Group Elements: Density11m
- Main Group Elements: Periodic Trends7m
- The Electron Configuration Review16m
- Periodic Table Charges Review20m
- Hydrogen Isotopes4m
- Hydrogen Compounds11m
- Production of Hydrogen8m
- Group 1A and 2A Reactions7m
- Boron Family Reactions7m
- Boron Family: Borane7m
- Borane Reactions7m
- Nitrogen Family Reactions12m
- Oxides, Peroxides, and Superoxides12m
- Oxide Reactions4m
- Peroxide and Superoxide Reactions6m
- Noble Gas Compounds3m
- 24. Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds3h 19m
- Atomic Radius & Density of Transition Metals11m
- Electron Configurations of Transition Metals7m
- Electron Configurations of Transition Metals: Exceptions11m
- Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism10m
- Ligands10m
- Complex Ions5m
- Coordination Complexes7m
- Classification of Ligands11m
- Coordination Numbers & Geometry9m
- Naming Coordination Compounds22m
- Writing Formulas of Coordination Compounds8m
- Isomerism in Coordination Complexes17m
- Orientations of D Orbitals4m
- Intro to Crystal Field Theory10m
- Crystal Field Theory: Octahedral Complexes5m
- Crystal Field Theory: Tetrahedral Complexes4m
- Crystal Field Theory: Square Planar Complexes4m
- Crystal Field Theory Summary8m
- Magnetic Properties of Complex Ions9m
- Strong-Field vs Weak-Field Ligands6m
- Magnetic Properties of Complex Ions: Octahedral Complexes11m
10. Periodic Properties of the Elements
Valence Electrons of Elements
1:18 minutesOpen Question
How many valence electrons does lithium (Li) have available for bonding? 1 2 3 4
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