Understanding dilution is essential in chemistry, as it allows us to create solutions with lower concentrations from more concentrated ones. The process of dilution can be quantitatively described using the equation:
\( M_1 V_1 = M_2 V_2 \)
In this equation, \( M_1 \) and \( V_1 \) represent the molarity and volume of the solution before dilution, while \( M_2 \) and \( V_2 \) represent the molarity and volume after dilution. It is important to note that \( M_1 \), the molarity of the concentrated solution, is always greater than \( M_2 \), the molarity of the diluted solution.
The final volume after dilution, \( V_2 \), is determined by the initial volume \( V_1 \) plus the volume of solvent added. This relationship can be expressed as:
\( V_2 = V_1 + V_{\text{solvent}} \)
By applying these principles, one can effectively prepare solutions with desired concentrations, which is a fundamental skill in various scientific applications.
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