11. Bonding & Molecular Structure

Chemical Bonds

Types Of Chemical Bonds - What Are Chemical Bonds - Covalent Bonds And Ionic Bonds - What Are Ions

Predict whether each of the following compounds is molecular 
or ionic: (g) HgS

Atomic Hook-Ups - Types of Chemical Bonds: Crash Course Chemistry #22

What is the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond?

Chemical Bonding - Ionic vs. Covalent Bonds

A major challenge in implementing the “hydrogen economy”
is finding a safe, lightweight, and compact way of storing
hydrogen for use as a fuel. The hydrides of light metals
are attractive for hydrogen storage because they can store a
high weight percentage of hydrogen in a small volume. For
example, NaAlH4 can release 5.6% of its mass as H2 upon
decomposing to NaH1s2, Al1s2, and H21g2. NaAlH4 possesses
both covalent bonds, which hold polyatomic anions
together, and ionic bonds. (c) Based on electronegativity differences,
predict the identity of the polyatomic anion. Draw a Lewis
structure for this ion. 

Based on electronegativity differences, predict the identity of the polyatomic anion.

Covalent bond involves sharing of the valence electrons between two non-metals, giving both a filled outer shell like a noble gas closest to them.

O2 is characterized by metallic bonding.

BaO is characterized by covalent bonding.

H 2O is characterized by ionic bonding.

BeF 2 is characterized by metallic bonding.

Which of the following statements is true? &nbsp;a) O2 is characterized by metallic bonding.b) BaO is characterized by covalent bonding.c) H2O is characterized by ionic bonding.d) Zn is characterized by metallic bonding.e) BeF2 is characterized by metallic bonding.

The dipole moment of BrCl is 0.518 D, and the distance between atoms is 213.9 pm. What is the percent ionic char-acter of the BrCl bond?

Chemical Bonds Example 3

Why do two atoms come together to form a covalent bond?
(a) Attractive forces between the positively charged nuclei and the electrons in both atoms occur when the atoms are close together.
(b) Repulsive forces between protons in the nuclei of the two atoms are minimized when the atoms are close together.
(c) Repulsive forces between electrons in the two atoms are minimized when the atoms are close together.

Predict whether each of the following oxides is ionic or
molecular: ZnO, K2O, SO2, OF2, TiO2

Chemical Bonds Example 2

Which of the following is the expected product of the reaction
of Mg(s) and N21g2 under heat? (i) Mg3N1s2, (ii) MgN21s2,
(iii) Mg3N21s2, (iv) Mg1s2 and N21g2 will not react with one
another.

Ionic bond occurs through a transfer of an electron from a metal to a non-metal in order to create opposing charges.

Predict whether each of the following compounds is molecular 
or ionic: (d) N2H4

Which of the following is not a physical property attributed to metallic bonding?a) Ductilityb) Lusterc) Brittlenessd) Malleability&nbsp;e) Conductivity

Energy is required to remove two electrons from Ca to form 
Ca2+, and energy is required to add two electrons to O to 
form O2 - . Yet CaO is stable relative to the free elements. 
Which statement is the best explanation? (a) The lattice 
energy of CaO is large enough to overcome these processes. 
(b) CaO is a covalent compound, and these processes are 
irrelevant. (c) CaO has a higher molar mass than either Ca or 
O. (d) The enthalpy of formation of CaO is small. (e) CaO is 
stable to atmospheric conditions.

Predict whether each of the following compounds is molecular 
or ionic: (e)OsCO3

The Chemical Bond: Covalent vs. Ionic and Polar vs. Nonpolar

Use the appropriate naming convention
(for ionic or molecular substances) to assign a name to each
compound: (c) PbCl4 and RbCl.

Chemical Bonds: Ionic and Covalent

Chemical Bonds Example 1

Predict whether each of the following compounds is molecular 
or ionic: (a) BI3

Oppositely charged particles are attracted to one another, lowering their potential energy as indicated by Coulomb's law.

Some electrons are shared between two bonding atoms, lowering their potential energy.

Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons.

Atoms pool their electrons to form an electron sea.

Correct, this model of bonding is called the electron sea model.

Atoms transfer electrons to another metal atom.

 Electrons in a metal are delocalized throughout the crystal. 

The compounds below are paired with a type of bonding. Which type of bonding is incorrectly classified? (LO 7.5) 
(a) Rb2O (polar covalent) 
(b) SO2 (polar covalent) 
(c) O3
(nonpolar covalent)
(d) KBr (ionic) 
(e) HF (polar covalent)

Predict whether each of the following compounds is molecular 
or ionic: (b) N1CH323

Metallic bond occurs through attractive force between free flowing valence electrons and positively charged ions on metal's surface.

The movement of electrons from cations to anions.

The mutual attraction of opposite electrical charges.

The strength of an ionic bond comes principally from:a) The converting of atoms into compounds.b) The movement of electrons from cations to anions.c) The mutual attraction of opposite electrical charges.d) The sharing of electrons.

By referring only to the periodic table, select (d) the element 
in the group Na, Be, Si, Ar, that is most likely to form an ionic 
compound with Br.

Which compound is a solid at room temperature? (LO 7.8)
(a) H2O
(b) Na2S 
(c) SO3 
(d) Cl2

Chem Done Easy - Chemical Bonding (Ionic Vs Covalent)

Refer to Figure 9.10 to estimate the percent 
ionic character of the CO bond.<img src="https://lightcat-files.s3.amazonaws.com/problem_images/dc79be2d15d47cb7-1660141606906.jpg" alt="" />

Predict whether each of the following compounds is molecular 
or ionic: (h) IOH.

TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDING | Animation

Characterize bonds between the two atoms as covalent or ionic.
(a) Cl and F
(b) Rb and F
(c) Na and S 
(d) N and S

(b) A substance, XY,
formed from two different elements, melts at 350 °C. Is XY
likely to be a covalent or an ionic substance?

Refer to Figure 9.10 to estimate the percent 
ionic character of the BrF bond.<img src="https://lightcat-files.s3.amazonaws.com/problem_images/c48fbb912d60742c-1660140441703.jpg" alt="" />

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1. Intro to General Chemistry

2. Atoms & Elements

3. Chemical Reactions

4. BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures

5. BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions

6. Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions

7. Gases

8. Thermochemistry

9. Quantum Mechanics

10. Periodic Properties of the Elements

12. Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory

13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces

14. Solutions

15. Chemical Kinetics

16. Chemical Equilibrium

17. Acid and Base Equilibrium

18. Aqueous Equilibrium

19. Chemical Thermodynamics

20. Electrochemistry

21. Nuclear Chemistry

22. Organic Chemistry

23. Chemistry of the Nonmetals

24. Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds

[BOOK CHEM] Clutch Version

Lewis Dot Structures: Neutral Compounds

Lewis Dot Structures or Electron Dot Structures&nbsp;are diagrams that show how elements in a molecule use their valence electrons to form bonds.&nbsp;

Average Bond Order

Average Bond Order represents the average number of chemical bonds between a pair of bond elements.

Lewis Dot Structures: Ions

Lewis Dot Structures of Ions involves losing or gaining valence electrons to draw the most likely structure.&nbsp;

Octet Rule

The&nbsp;Octet Rule states that main-group elements will generally form enough bonds to obtain 8 electrons in their valence shell.&nbsp;

Lewis Dot Symbols

Lewis Dot Symbols represent the outer shell electrons of an element.&nbsp;

Lewis Dot Structures: Sigma & Pi Bonds

Sigma Bonds directly connect element together, while Pi Bonds provide insulation and protection for those bonds.&nbsp;

Lewis Dot Structures: Exceptions

Lewis Dot Structure Exceptions&nbsp;happen when the central element violates the Octet Rule.

Born Haber Cycle

In the Born-Haber Cycle, ionic solids are created through the ionization and eventual combination of elements.&nbsp;

Coulomb's Law

Coulomb's Law is used to determine the forces experienced by charged particles.&nbsp;

A chemical bond is the connection&nbsp;of different elements through the sharing, transferring or pooling of electrons.&nbsp;

Resonance Structures

Resonance Structures are used to represent the different possible bonding arrangements of a molecule.

Lewis Dot Structures: Acids

Drawing the Lewis Dot Structure of Acids&nbsp;involves first drawing the polyatomic anion and then attaching the H+ ion.&nbsp;

Formal Charge

Formal Charge is the charge given to an element within a molecule when assuming equal sharing of electrons between bonded elements.&nbsp;

Bond Energy

Bond Energy is the amount of energy stored within a chemical bond.

Lattice Energy

Lattice Energy&nbsp;is the estimate for the strength of ionic bonds.&nbsp;

Dipole Moment

Dipole arrows are used anytime a molecule possesses a dipole moment, which happens when a molecule is polar.&nbsp;