Which of the following best describes the trend in atomic radius as you move down a group in the periodic table?

• A. Atomic radius decreases
• B. Atomic radius increases
• C. Atomic radius first increases, then decreases
• D. Atomic radius remains constant

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Recall that atomic radius refers to the size of an atom, typically measured from the nucleus to the outer boundary of the electron cloud.
2. Understand that as you move down a group in the periodic table, each successive element has an additional electron shell compared to the one above it.
3. Recognize that adding more electron shells increases the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electrons, which tends to increase the atomic radius.
4. Consider the effect of shielding: inner electron shells reduce the effective nuclear charge felt by outer electrons, allowing the outer electrons to be held less tightly and thus increasing atomic size.
5. Conclude that because of the addition of electron shells and increased shielding, the atomic radius generally increases as you move down a group in the periodic table.