15. Chemical Kinetics

Factors Influencing Rates

Introduction to Collision Theory

Many metallic catalysts, particularly the precious-metal
ones, are often deposited as very thin films on a substance
of high surface area per unit mass, such as alumina
1Al2O32 or silica 1SiO22. (b) How does the surface area affect the rate
of reaction?

Factors Influencing Rates Concept 1

Consider the reaction H21g2 + I21g2S 2 HI1g2. The reaction 
of a fixed amount of H2 and I2 is studied in a cylinder 
fitted with a movable piston. Indicate the effect of each of 
the following changes on the rate of the reaction. 
(c) The addition of a catalyst

Kinetics & the Concentration of Compounds

Indicate whether each statement is true or false.
(b) Exothermic reactions are faster than endothermic
reactions.

(b) Name
three factors that can affect the rate of a chemical reaction.

Which of the following reacting molecules are able to produce products the fastest?

Collision Theory

(b) As the temperature
increases, does the reaction rate increase or decrease?

Factors Influencing Rates Concept 2

A chemist tries to burn sulfur in air and notices that it burns very slowly. Chemist then burns sulfur in pure oxygen and observes a brilliant blue flame. Which factor is affecting the reaction rate?

Kinetics & Temperature

Kinetics & the Surface Area of Compounds

Factors Influencing Rates Example 1

Consider the reaction H21g2 + I21g2S 2 HI1g2. The reaction 
of a fixed amount of H2 and I2 is studied in a cylinder 
fitted with a movable piston. Indicate the effect of each of 
the following changes on the rate of the reaction. 
(a) An increase in temperature at constant volume

14.4 Collision Theory and the Arrhenius Equation

Values of Ea = 6.3 kJ>mol and A = 6.0 * 108>1M # s2 
have been measured for the bimolecular reaction: 
NO1g2 + F21g2S NOF1g2 + F1g2 
(d) Why does the reaction have such a low activation 
energy?

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1. Intro to General Chemistry

2. Atoms & Elements

3. Chemical Reactions

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5. BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions

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19. Chemical Thermodynamics

20. Electrochemistry

21. Nuclear Chemistry

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23. Chemistry of the Nonmetals

24. Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds

[BOOK CHEM] Clutch Version

Intro to Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Kinetics is the study of factors affecting reaction rates, which examines the speed by which reactants are consumed to make products.

Average Rate of Reaction

Average (General) Rate is the change in the concentration of a compound over a period of time.

Arrhenius Equation

The Arrhenius Equation&nbsp;illustrates the temperature dependence of the rate constant k.&nbsp;

Rate Law

Rate Law represents an equation for a chemical reaction that connects the reaction rate with the concentrations or pressures of the reactants and the rate constant.&nbsp;

There are 4 major factors that directly influence how fast or slow a reaction proceeds.

Stoichiometric Rate Calculations

When the rate of one compound is know, the rate of another compound is calculated through rate-to-rate comparison.

According to Collision Theory:chemical reaction is successful when 2 energetic reactants successfully collide.

Integrated Rate Law

When we include the variable of time to our Rate Law then we obtain the Integrated Rate Laws.&nbsp;

Catalyst

Catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of reaction by lowering the Activation Energy (Ea) of a reaction.

Instantaneous Rate

<div title="Page 1">&nbsp;Instantaneous Rate is the rate a reaction at any particular point in time.</div>

Reaction Mechanism

<div title="Page 1">A Reaction Mechanism is a step-by-step sequence of elementary steps by which an overall chemical change occurs.</div>

Half-Life

Half-Life is the time it takes for half&nbsp;of a reactant to decay in a certain time period.

Energy Diagrams

Energy Diagram represents a curved plot illustrating the energies of reactants, products and transition states of a reaction.

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