Multiple Choice
Given the compounds CH_3OH (methanol) and CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_3 (butane), which would you expect to have the greater viscosity at room temperature?
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13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces
Intermolecular Forces
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Which intermolecular force plays a pivotal role in the unique properties of water?
A
Hydrogen bonding
B
Ion-dipole interactions
C
London dispersion forces
D
Dipole-dipole interactions
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the types of intermolecular forces listed: hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole interactions, London dispersion forces, and dipole-dipole interactions.
Recall that water (H\_2O) is a polar molecule with a bent shape, where the oxygen atom is highly electronegative and bonded to hydrogen atoms.
Understand that hydrogen bonding occurs when hydrogen is directly bonded to highly electronegative atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine, creating a strong dipole and a special type of dipole-dipole attraction.
Recognize that while London dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interactions are present in water, they are weaker compared to hydrogen bonding.
Conclude that hydrogen bonding is the dominant intermolecular force responsible for water's unique properties such as high boiling point, surface tension, and solvent abilities.
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