Which of the following particles are most directly involved in chemical bonding?

• A. Protons
• B. Neutrons
• C. Core electrons
• D. Valence electrons

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that chemical bonding involves the interaction between atoms to form molecules or compounds.
2. Recall that protons are located in the nucleus and determine the element's identity but do not participate directly in bonding.
3. Recognize that neutrons, also in the nucleus, contribute to atomic mass and stability but are not involved in bonding.
4. Know that core electrons are the inner electrons tightly bound to the nucleus and generally do not participate in bonding.
5. Identify valence electrons as the outermost electrons of an atom that are involved in forming chemical bonds by being shared, gained, or lost.