Which one of the following elements is most likely to form an ion with a 2+ charge?

• A. Na
• B. Mg
• C. Al
• D. Cl

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the position of each element in the periodic table to understand their common ionic charges. Sodium (Na) is in Group 1, Magnesium (Mg) is in Group 2, Aluminum (Al) is in Group 13, and Chlorine (Cl) is in Group 17.
2. Recall that elements tend to form ions to achieve a stable electron configuration, often resembling the nearest noble gas. Group 1 elements typically form +1 ions, Group 2 elements typically form +2 ions, Group 13 elements typically form +3 ions, and Group 17 elements typically form -1 ions.
3. Focus on the element that commonly forms a 2+ charge. Since Magnesium (Mg) is in Group 2, it tends to lose two electrons to achieve a stable noble gas configuration, resulting in a 2+ charge.
4. Confirm that Sodium (Na) usually forms a +1 ion, Aluminum (Al) forms a +3 ion, and Chlorine (Cl) forms a -1 ion, so they are less likely to form a 2+ ion compared to Magnesium.
5. Conclude that Magnesium (Mg) is the element most likely to form an ion with a 2+ charge based on its group and typical ionic behavior.