When reading the volume of a liquid in a graduated cylinder, which of the following best describes the correct procedure to ensure proper use of significant figures?

• A. Read the top of the meniscus from above and record only the digits marked on the cylinder.
• B. Read the bottom of the meniscus at eye level and record all certain digits plus one estimated digit.
• C. Estimate the volume by looking at the liquid from any angle and round to the nearest whole number.
• D. Record only the digits that are printed on the graduated cylinder without estimating any additional digit.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that when measuring liquid volume in a graduated cylinder, the meniscus is the curve seen at the liquid's surface due to surface tension.
2. Recognize that the correct way to read the volume is at eye level to avoid parallax error, which occurs when the measurement is read from an angle.
3. Identify that the bottom of the meniscus is the reference point for most liquids (like water) because it provides a consistent and reproducible reading.
4. Record all the digits that are certain based on the graduated markings on the cylinder, and then estimate one additional digit to reflect the precision of the measurement.
5. This method ensures the use of significant figures correctly by including all known digits plus one estimated digit, improving accuracy and precision in volume measurement.