Which of the following intermolecular forces are electrostatic interactions between permanent dipoles in polar molecules?

• A. Dipole-dipole forces
• B. London dispersion forces
• C. Hydrogen bonding
• D. Ion-dipole forces

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that intermolecular forces are interactions that occur between molecules, influencing properties like boiling point and solubility.
2. Identify that electrostatic interactions between permanent dipoles occur when molecules have a permanent separation of charge (a permanent dipole moment).
3. Recognize that dipole-dipole forces specifically refer to the attraction between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule.
4. Differentiate dipole-dipole forces from other intermolecular forces: London dispersion forces arise from temporary dipoles, hydrogen bonding is a special strong dipole-dipole interaction involving H and highly electronegative atoms, and ion-dipole forces involve ions interacting with polar molecules.
5. Conclude that the correct intermolecular force described as electrostatic interactions between permanent dipoles in polar molecules is dipole-dipole forces.