Which of the following best describes the difference between a mixture and a solution?

• A. A solution contains only solids, whereas a mixture contains only liquids.
• B. A solution is a homogeneous mixture where the components are uniformly distributed, while a mixture can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous.
• C. A mixture is always transparent, while a solution is always opaque.
• D. A mixture always involves a chemical reaction between its components, while a solution does not.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the definitions of mixture and solution. A mixture is a combination of two or more substances where each substance retains its own chemical identity and properties.
2. Step 2: Recognize that mixtures can be either homogeneous (uniform composition throughout) or heterogeneous (non-uniform composition).
3. Step 3: Define a solution as a specific type of homogeneous mixture where the solute is completely dissolved in the solvent, resulting in a uniform distribution at the molecular level.
4. Step 4: Note that solutions can be in any phase (solid, liquid, or gas), and the components do not necessarily have to be solids or liquids exclusively.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the key difference is that a solution is always homogeneous with uniform distribution of components, while a mixture can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous.