Textbook Question
(d) If you remove a single electron from a P atom, which orbital will it come from?
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Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement140
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions192
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry172
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution156
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry151
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms137
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements127
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding143
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories167
- Ch.10 - Gases147
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces97
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials129
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions126
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics175
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium107
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria127
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria133
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment88
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics140
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry137
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry99
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals66
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry69
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry11
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 7, Problem 80a
Figure 7.4 shows the radial probability distribution functions for the 2s orbitals and 2p orbitals. (a) Which orbital, 2s or 2p, has more electron density close to the nucleus?
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Understand the concept of radial probability distribution: It describes the probability of finding an electron at a certain distance from the nucleus.
Identify the key difference between 2s and 2p orbitals: The 2s orbital has a spherical shape, while the 2p orbital has a dumbbell shape.
Consider the presence of nodes: The 2s orbital has a radial node, which affects electron density distribution.
Analyze the radial probability distribution functions: The 2s orbital typically shows a peak closer to the nucleus compared to the 2p orbital.
Conclude based on the analysis: The 2s orbital generally has more electron density close to the nucleus than the 2p orbital.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Radial Probability Distribution
The radial probability distribution function describes the likelihood of finding an electron at a certain distance from the nucleus in an atom. It is derived from the square of the wave function and provides insight into how electron density varies with distance. This concept is crucial for understanding where electrons are likely to be found in different orbitals.
Electron Density
Electron density refers to the probability of finding an electron in a given region of space around the nucleus. In the context of atomic orbitals, higher electron density indicates a greater likelihood of locating an electron near the nucleus. Comparing the electron densities of the 2s and 2p orbitals helps determine which orbital has more electrons concentrated close to the nucleus.
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Density Concepts
Orbital Shapes and Types
Orbitals are regions in an atom where electrons are likely to be found, and they come in different shapes and types, such as s and p orbitals. The 2s orbital is spherical, allowing for a higher probability of finding electrons near the nucleus, while the 2p orbital has a more complex shape with lobes extending further away. Understanding these shapes is essential for analyzing electron distribution in atoms.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Consider the stable elements through lead (Z = 82). In how many instances are the atomic weights of the elements out of order relative to the atomic numbers of the elements?
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Textbook Question
(b) Repeat these calculations using Slater’s rules.
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Textbook Question
(c) Detailed calculations indicate that the effective nuclear charge is 5.6+ for the 3s electrons and 4.9+ for the 3p electrons. Why are the values for the 3s and 3p electrons different?
Textbook Question
Write a balanced equation for the reaction that occurs in each of the following cases: (d) Fluorine reacts with water.
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