Acid-Base Introduction

Now recall that acids are covalin compounds that have a hydrogen ion connected to a non metal and ion. So a negative ion or a poly atomic ion. Now we're gonna say generally the hydrogen ion is found at the beginning of the compound, except for citric acid. So here we have examples of some common types of acids we have hydrochloric acid, hydro sulfuric acid, hydroxy, tannic acid, phosphoric acid and acetic acid. Remember when we talked about acids, we said that acetic acid, this is one way it can be shown in this version. The hydrogen is not at the beginning, but at the end of the compound.

which of the following does not represent the possible structure of an acid. So, remember we said that. Generally speaking, when it comes to an acid, it's a covalin compound that has the hydrogen ion located at the beginning of the compound. The exception to this is acetic acid. And we take a look here. This is covalin with the hydrogen in the beginning and that's because it's hydroponic acid. Here we have a covenant compound with hydrogen in beginning. So here this is I OTIK acid and over here we have HIPPA Cloris acid, covalin compound of the hydrogen in the beginning, the answer is C this is ch four. Also known as methane. It is not an acid. The hydrogen is not found in the beginning of this covid compound. And by the definition we use earlier, it would not be classified as an acid. Now there's other technicalities that make it not an acid, but just go by that simple definition.

now as these belong to a distinct class of covid and compounds because of their characteristics in Aquarius solutions. Now some characteristics of acids we have dissolution taste reactivity and how they react with litmus paper. Alright so we're gonna say dissolution acids ionized when placed in water. Here we have an example of hydrochloric acid. It would ionizing water breaking up into its H plus ion which is acquis plus the chloride ion which is also Aquarius. For sulfuric acid, there's two H plus in this compound. So we'll break up into two H plus Plus s. 0. 4 2 a quiz for taste. We say the presence of H plus ions gives acids a sour taste. So you can see this in natural citrus fruits. So we have lemons, oranges, they have a sour taste to them because of the natural assets found within them Reactivity. They react with metals to form H. two gas. So a good example here we have um hcl hydrochloric acid reacting with manganese, manganese, magnesium solid. So here what would happen is we would have magnesium and chlorine reacting together. Give me mg cl two And then the hydrogen would become H. two gas. Finally for litmus paper this is a type of paper that changes colors in response to an acid or a base. So we're gonna say an acid will change blue litmus paper to read. So we're taking this blue litmus paper and we're dipping it into an acidic solution to show that it's acidic the litmus paper will change red. So these are some of the common types of characteristics that you'll find with different types of acid.

So here, until that sulfuric acid is added to a large container of water. How is the solution different from the original water? All right. The solution has fewer hydrogen ions. No, that'd be false. We're adding an asset to it. So that's going to increase the amount of hydrogen ions. The solution turn blue litmus paper. Read. That is true. So if we have an acidic solution that changes blue litmus paper red here, it would not change red litmus paper blue. The solution has more water molecules. No, we're not increasing the amount of water, increasing the amount of acid we're adding to the water so the number of water molecules shouldn't change, or at least should an increase. So here, option B will be the best answer.

Generally speaking, we're going to say that basis represent ionic compounds containing a metal cat eye on, so a positive metal ion connected to the basic and ion of hydroxide ion, which is O H minus now, basis can also be represented by nitrogen containing covalin compounds called A means. We'll talk about that later on. But these are the basic ideas when it comes to a base. So most common types of bases possess a metal connected to ohh, so if you can spot that, that is a good indication that you have a base.

here, it says which of the following represents the possible structure of a base. Remember the definition? We went over was that most common types of bases possess a metal cat eye on connected to the hydroxide ion. We take a look here, we have hydroxide ion in two places, here's an O. H. And here's an O. H. So B is out. India's up in a, it's a carbon connected to, ohh, we said it's going to be a metal. So that would be out carbon a nonmetal here, the best structure for bases. C potassium hydroxide potassium is a metal and O. H. Is connected to it so that represents a typical type of base.

now like acids bases, sharing comments certain characteristics when placed in a quiz solutions. So here we're gonna take a look at their dissolution their taste and feel as well as their reaction with litmus paper. So we're gonna say just like acids bases ionized when placed in water. So here we have sodium hydroxide. When I place it in water it becomes sodium ion nucleus plus hydroxide ion equities. When I take strong to hydroxide and I place it in water it becomes strong to my on Aquarius plus two hydroxide ions. Aquarius. What about taste and feel? Well we're gonna say bases have a bitter taste so bitter be basis B and they are slippery to the touch. So a great example of a base is in the manufacturing of soaps. Soaps can be slippery when they're wet. Now litmus paper litmus paper reacts to the presence of the basic an ion, the hydroxide ion. So if I take red litmus paper and I dip it in a basic solution it will change the red litmus paper into blue. So be base blew Both of them have be. So that's a great way to remember the color changes associated with the base. So just remember these are the most basic characteristics of bases when you're discussing them in a quick solution

here it says which of the following is a characteristic of a strong base. Alright, So it doesn't matter if it's a strong base or weak base. These are characteristics of all bases. It turns blue litmus paper red. No, that wouldn't be a base. That would be an acid it releases H plus ions in a solution. No, that would be also in acid acid to release eight. Plus, it rules H plus ions in a solution. We never talked about basis removing each plus in solution. Mhm. It can be used in the production of cleaning supplies. We said that basis can be used in the formation of soaps. Soaps are uh instrument to clean. Right? So by extension, we can assume that basis can be used to make other cleaning supplies. So here the best answer would be option D.