Which statement best describes the law of octaves as it relates to the classification of elements in the periodic table?

• A. Elements, when arranged by increasing atomic mass, show similar properties every eighth element.
• B. Elements, when arranged by increasing atomic number, repeat their chemical properties every seventh element.
• C. Elements are classified based on their metallic and nonmetallic character.
• D. Elements are grouped according to their atomic number and electron configuration.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that the law of octaves is an early attempt to classify elements based on their properties and atomic masses.
2. Recall that the law of octaves states that when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass, every eighth element exhibits similar chemical properties.
3. Recognize that this pattern is analogous to musical octaves, where notes repeat every eighth tone, hence the name 'law of octaves'.
4. Note that this law was a precursor to the modern periodic table, which arranges elements by increasing atomic number rather than atomic mass.
5. Conclude that the correct description of the law of octaves is: 'Elements, when arranged by increasing atomic mass, show similar properties every eighth element.'