10. Periodic Properties of the Elements

The Electron Configurations: Exceptions

Electron Configuration Exceptions to Aufbau's Principle: Configuration of Cr, Cu, Mo, and Ag

The Electron Configurations: Exceptions Example 1

Ag has 2 more d electrons and the same number of s electrons as Pd.

Ag has 1 more d electron and the same number of s electrons as Pd.

Ag has 2 more d electrons and 1 less s electron than Pd.

Ag has 1 more d electron and 1 less s electron than Pd.

Ag has 1 more d electron and 1 more s electron than Pd.

A comparison of the electron configurations of palladium (Pd) and silver (Ag) indicates that:&nbsp;

Electron Configuration Exceptions Examples: Cr, Cu, Ag, and Mo

Electron Configuration Exceptions

Which of the following is the correct electron configuration of gold?&nbsp;

Exceptions to Electron Configuration

One of the elements shown on the following periodic table has an anomalous ground-state electron configuration. Which is it—red, blue, or green—and why?
<img src="https://lightcat-files.s3.amazonaws.com/problem_images/b3a7d1cc029f8421-1670034068975.jpg" alt="" />

Illustrate the exception to the electron configuration of molybdenum.<img src="https://lightcat-files.s3.amazonaws.com/problem_images/acc283c84aa0209b-1608576552494.jpg"class="fr-fic fr-dii">

When electron configuration ends with d4, an s orbital electron is promoted to d orbital to create half filled orbital:d5.

Electron Configuration Practice Problems with Step by Step Answers

Electron Configuration Exceptions - Chromium (Cr) & Copper (Cu)

Quantum Chemistry 9.13 - Electron Configuration Exceptions

An experiment called the Stern–Gerlach experiment helped
establish the existence of electron spin. In this experiment,
a beam of silver atoms is passed through a magnetic field,
which deflects half of the silver atoms in one direction and
half in the opposite direction. The separation between the
two beams increases as the strength of the magnetic field
increases. (a) What is the electron configuration for a silver
atom?

p and d subshells are most stable when either half filled or totally filled with electrons.

When electron configuration ends with d9, an s orbital electron is promoted to d orbital to create completely filled orbital:d10.

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Periodic Trend: Cumulative

Periodic Trends are patterns present in the periodic table based on an element's size and electron distribution.&nbsp;

Periodic Trend: Ionic Radius

Ionic Radius is the distance between an ion's nucleus and its most outer occupied electron shell.&nbsp;

The Electron Configuration

The electron configuration of an element is the distribution of its electrons within atomic orbitals.&nbsp;

The Electron Configuration: Ions

The Electron Configuration of Ions involves either adding or removing electrons from a given orbital of an element.

Periodic Trend: Successive Ionization Energies

Successive Ionization Energies deals with the removal of multiple electrons from a gaseous atom or ion through multiple steps.

Periodic Trend: Atomic Radius

The atomic radius of an element is the distance from its nucleus to its outer electron shell.

Valence Electrons of Elements

The Valence Electrons represent the outer shell electrons of an element or ion.&nbsp;

Periodic Trend: Effective Nuclear Charge

Effective Nuclear Charge (Zeff) measures the force exerted onto an electron by the nucleus.&nbsp;

Periodic Trend: Ionization Energy

Ionization Energy is the energy absorbed&nbsp;in order to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion.&nbsp;

Periodic Trend: Metallic Character

Metallic Character&nbsp;deals with how easily an electron can be removed from an element.&nbsp;

Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism

Paramagnetism&nbsp;and&nbsp;Diamagnetism deal with the presence of electrons that are either unpaired or paired in an orbital.

Periodic Trend: Electron Affinity

Electron Affinity is the energy released from the addition of an electron to a gaseous atom or ion.&nbsp;

The Electron Configuration: Quantum Numbers

The Quantum Numbers ultimately can be used to determine the precise location of an electron.&nbsp;

Periodic Trend: Electronegativity

Electronegativity is an element's ability to attract electrons.

Most Electron Configuration Exceptions are the result of elements drive to obtain half filled or totally filled d orbitals.&nbsp;

The Electron Configuration: Condensed

Condensed Electron Configurations are a faster method in determining the configuration of elements and ions.&nbsp;

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