11. Bonding & Molecular Structure

Octet Rule

The Octet Rule: Help, Definition, and Exceptions

Which of the following atoms has the most valence electrons?a) O&nbsp;b) Be&nbsp;c) Hed) Ne) Si

Chemical Bonding - Ionic vs. Covalent Bonds

(a) True or false: The hydrogen atom is most stable when it 
has a full octet of electrons.

Some elements can have less or more than 8 octet electrons around them while still maintaining stability.

Which of the following contains an atom that may have an incomplete octet?a) CCl4b) NCl3c) OCl2d) SeCl6e) BCl3

Lewis Dot Structures

Chemical Bonds: Ionic and Covalent

Introduction To Lewis Structures

 Carbon has eight electrons and each hydrogen has two. 

 Nitrogen has eight electrons and each hydrogen two. 

 Oxygen has eight electrons and each hydrogen two. 

 Phosphorus and each chlorine have eight electrons. 

 Draw the Lewis structure for each compound. 

 Which of the following molecules violates the octet rule? 

Why does the octet rule apply primarily to main-group elements, not to transition metals?

1.1 Lewis Structures

How many shared electrons are around the oxygen atom?<img src="https://static.studychannel.pearsonprd.tech/courses/general-chemistry/thumbnails/images/b8c777d6"class="fr-fic fr-dii">a) 4b) 2c) 6d) 10e) 8

Octet Rule Example 1

For Group 13–17 elements in the third row of the periodic table
and beyond, the octet rule is often not obeyed. A friend
of yours says this is because these heavier elements are more
likely to make double or triple bonds. Another friend of
yours says that this is because the heavier elements are larger
and can make bonds to more than four atoms at a time.
Which friend is more correct?

Which of the following substances contains an atom that does not follow the octet rule?
(a) AlCl3 
(b) PCl3 
(c) PCl5
(d) SiCl4

Octet Rule Example 2

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2. Atoms & Elements

3. Chemical Reactions

4. BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures

5. BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions

6. Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions

7. Gases

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9. Quantum Mechanics

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13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces

14. Solutions

15. Chemical Kinetics

16. Chemical Equilibrium

17. Acid and Base Equilibrium

18. Aqueous Equilibrium

19. Chemical Thermodynamics

20. Electrochemistry

21. Nuclear Chemistry

22. Organic Chemistry

23. Chemistry of the Nonmetals

24. Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds

[BOOK CHEM] Clutch Version

Lewis Dot Structures: Neutral Compounds

Lewis Dot Structures or Electron Dot Structures&nbsp;are diagrams that show how elements in a molecule use their valence electrons to form bonds.&nbsp;

Average Bond Order

Average Bond Order represents the average number of chemical bonds between a pair of bond elements.

Lewis Dot Structures: Ions

Lewis Dot Structures of Ions involves losing or gaining valence electrons to draw the most likely structure.&nbsp;

The&nbsp;Octet Rule states that main-group elements will generally form enough bonds to obtain 8 electrons in their valence shell.&nbsp;

Lewis Dot Symbols

Lewis Dot Symbols represent the outer shell electrons of an element.&nbsp;

Lewis Dot Structures: Sigma & Pi Bonds

Sigma Bonds directly connect element together, while Pi Bonds provide insulation and protection for those bonds.&nbsp;

Lewis Dot Structures: Exceptions

Lewis Dot Structure Exceptions&nbsp;happen when the central element violates the Octet Rule.

Born Haber Cycle

In the Born-Haber Cycle, ionic solids are created through the ionization and eventual combination of elements.&nbsp;

Coulomb's Law

Coulomb's Law is used to determine the forces experienced by charged particles.&nbsp;

Chemical Bonds

A chemical bond is the connection&nbsp;of different elements through the sharing, transferring or pooling of electrons.&nbsp;

Resonance Structures

Resonance Structures are used to represent the different possible bonding arrangements of a molecule.

Lewis Dot Structures: Acids

Drawing the Lewis Dot Structure of Acids&nbsp;involves first drawing the polyatomic anion and then attaching the H+ ion.&nbsp;

Formal Charge

Formal Charge is the charge given to an element within a molecule when assuming equal sharing of electrons between bonded elements.&nbsp;

Bond Energy

Bond Energy is the amount of energy stored within a chemical bond.

Lattice Energy

Lattice Energy&nbsp;is the estimate for the strength of ionic bonds.&nbsp;

Dipole Moment

Dipole arrows are used anytime a molecule possesses a dipole moment, which happens when a molecule is polar.&nbsp;

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