Periodic Table: Group Names - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems
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The Periodic Table can be further classified into Periods and Groups.
Periodic Table:Periods & Groups
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Periodic Table: Group Names
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So for the periodic table, we can further organize the elements in terms of periods and groups. Now when we're talking about periods, we're referring to the 7 horizontal rows that start from the far left of the periodic table. So if we take a look here, we have hydrogen which is h two h e, which is helium. This is our first row, so this is period 1. Lithium to neon, that's row 2 or period 2, and we can see that we have in total 7 rows on the periodic table. Now remember, here where we have this thicker black line, we're gonna say in between LA and HF resides this entire row in yellow. And between AC and RF resides this entire bottom row that's in gray. Remember, to make the periodic table more presentable, we tend to take those 2 rows out and put them on the bottom. Now what you also need to realize is that currently there are 7 rows of the periodic table, but the periodic table itself is not static. That means it's not gonna be this way forever. In fact, some of the elements in the 7th row, such as these 4 here, they've only recently been named and placed on the periodic table. So within this century, they were discovered and synthesized within Labs. This means that there are 7 roles right now, but maybe in a 100 years. As our technology gets better, as we explore the universe, we may stumble upon new elements and they're going to be added to an 8th row and then maybe to a 9th row and then so on and so forth. So the number of rows is really based on our capacity to create and find new elements in the universe. So just realize that periods are rows. Currently, there are 7 of the periodic table. In the future, there may be more. Now where our periods are rows are groups are the vertical columns of the periodic table, and they can also be called series or families. Now we're gonna say there are 18 groups with many of them having their own meet names. So when we're talking about columns, so for example, h all the way down to fr is 1 column, be all the way down to ra is a column. So this goes from 1 to 18. So So we're just numbering here, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and then 13 to 18. So there are 18 different columns known as groups, families, or series. Now we're gonna say because of electron arrangements, elements in the same groups have similar chemical properties. We'll learn more about what these electron arrangements mean in much later chapters. Just realize for now, if elements are found in the same group, for the most part, they're gonna have similar chemical properties. Now some of these groups have special names. If we take a look here, what's shaded in brown, which is lithium to fr, we call these our alkali metals. Then what's shaded in red from b e down to r a, we call these our alkaline earth metals. Then what's shaded in green from n to m c, these are known as our nyctogens. O to l v, these are called chalcogens. In purple, those are known as halogens, so f to t s, and then from he to o g, they have 2 different names. They're called our noble gases or our inert gases. So noble and inert kinda go hand in hand with each other. They were called inert gases at one point because it was believed that they were so stable that nothing would react with them, so they would be called inert. But upon further of experiments, they found out that some of them are reactive and some of them do form compounds. So they had to basically, instead of saying inert gases, they said noble gases. But again, oftentimes, chemists will use them interchangeably. They'll say the noble gases are the inert gases, even though some of them are not inert. Now, the last 2 are not columns, but actual rows. So this row here, this top yellow row here, these are known as our lanthanides. Okay. And they're called lanthanides because they come right after LA. And this row here that's in gray, they're right after AC, so they're called our aptonides. So these are the different names for the groups of the periodic table. So I know I presented a lot of information to you right now, but just keep in mind we have our periods and we have our rows which are the periods, and then we have our groups which are our columns. This is how we further break down the periodic table.
Periods are horizontal rows while Groups are vertical columns on the Periodic Table.
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example
Periodic Table: Group Names Example 1
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So in this example problem, it says, which of the following is a metal in the 4th period? So remember, 4th period means that we're dealing with the 4th row in the periodic table. And remember, the 3 classifications for elements in the periodic table are metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. So looking in the 4th row, let's look and see where each of these choices are located. So we have Na, sodium. Sodium is a metal, but it's not in the 4th period, it's in the 3rd period, the 3rd row. Strontium, strontium is also a metal, but it's in the 5th period or 5th row. Next, we have Bromine, which is b r, so it's over here. Now bromine is in the 4th period, but bromine, if we remember, is a non metal. Calcium, calcium is right here. Calcium is a metal and it's in the 4th period. So this looks like it will be our answer, but let's look at the other choices. We have aluminum here. Aluminum is right here. It is a metal, but it is in the 3rd period or 3rd row, so it cannot be our answer. So as a result, only option is the correct choice.
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Problem
Problem
Which of the following is a metalloid that is also a chalcogen?