Which statement best describes the difference between a solute and a solvent in a solution?

• A. The solute is the substance that is dissolved, while the solvent is the substance that does the dissolving.
• B. The solute and solvent are always present in equal amounts.
• C. The solute is present in a larger amount than the solvent.
• D. The solute is always a liquid, and the solvent is always a solid.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the definitions of solute and solvent in the context of a solution: A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.
2. Identify the solute as the substance that is dissolved in the solution. This means it is the component present in a smaller amount and gets dispersed uniformly.
3. Identify the solvent as the substance that does the dissolving. It is usually present in the larger amount and acts as the medium in which the solute dissolves.
4. Recognize that the solute and solvent do not have to be present in equal amounts; typically, the solvent is the major component.
5. Note that the physical states of solute and solvent can vary (solid, liquid, or gas), so it is incorrect to say the solute is always a liquid and the solvent is always a solid.