Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following:
4. CH₃CONH₂

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Identify the total number of valence electrons in the molecule. Carbon (C) has 4 valence electrons, hydrogen (H) has 1 valence electron each, oxygen (O) has 6 valence electrons, and nitrogen (N) has 5 valence electrons. Add these together for all the atoms in CH3CONH2.
2. Step 2: Determine the connectivity of the atoms. The molecule consists of a methyl group (CH3) attached to a carbonyl group (C=O), which is further attached to an amide group (NH2). The central structure is CH3-C(=O)-NH2.
3. Step 3: Place single bonds between the atoms to connect them as described in Step 2. Use a single bond between the CH3 group and the carbonyl carbon, a double bond between the carbonyl carbon and oxygen, and a single bond between the carbonyl carbon and the nitrogen atom of the NH2 group.
4. Step 4: Distribute the remaining valence electrons to satisfy the octet rule for each atom. Start by placing lone pairs on the oxygen atom to complete its octet, then place lone pairs on the nitrogen atom. Ensure that the carbon atoms have a full octet by sharing electrons through bonds.
5. Step 5: Verify the structure by counting the total number of valence electrons used and ensuring it matches the total calculated in Step 1. Also, confirm that all atoms (except hydrogen) satisfy the octet rule and that the formal charges are minimized.

Key Concepts

Lewis Structures

Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the bonding between atoms in a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They use dots to represent electrons and lines to represent bonds between atoms. Understanding how to draw Lewis structures is essential for visualizing molecular geometry and predicting reactivity.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In the case of CH3CONH2, the amide functional group (–CONH2) is crucial for understanding its properties and reactivity. Recognizing functional groups helps in predicting the behavior of organic compounds.

Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom and are involved in forming bonds with other atoms. The number of valence electrons determines how atoms will bond and the overall structure of the molecule. For CH3CONH2, counting the valence electrons is necessary to accurately draw its Lewis structure and ensure that all atoms achieve a stable electron configuration.