How do enzymes increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

• A. By changing the equilibrium position of the reaction
• B. By providing additional reactants for the reaction
• C. By lowering the $\mathrm{activation energy}$ required for the reaction
• D. By increasing the temperature of the reaction

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of enzymes: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.
2. Identify the concept of activation energy: Activation energy is the minimum energy required for reactants to undergo a chemical reaction and form products.
3. Recognize how enzymes affect activation energy: Enzymes lower the activation energy needed for a reaction, making it easier for the reaction to occur at a faster rate.
4. Clarify the misconception about equilibrium: Enzymes do not change the equilibrium position of a reaction; they only speed up the rate at which equilibrium is reached.
5. Explain why other options are incorrect: Enzymes do not provide additional reactants or increase the temperature; they work by stabilizing the transition state and reducing the energy barrier.