Which of the following best describes a random sample in the context of organic chemistry experiments?

• A. A sample chosen without any bias, where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
• B. A sample that is chosen to maximize the yield of the desired product.
• C. A sample selected based on specific characteristics to ensure uniformity.
• D. A sample that is selected based on the availability of the compounds.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of a random sample: In the context of scientific experiments, a random sample is one where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. This helps to eliminate bias and ensures that the sample is representative of the entire population.
2. Identify the purpose of using a random sample in experiments: The main goal is to ensure that the results of the experiment can be generalized to the whole population. This is crucial in organic chemistry to ensure that findings are not skewed by selection bias.
3. Evaluate the given options: Consider each option and determine whether it aligns with the definition of a random sample. A sample chosen without bias, where each member has an equal chance of being selected, fits the definition of a random sample.
4. Analyze why other options do not fit: A sample chosen to maximize yield, based on specific characteristics, or based on availability, introduces bias and does not give each member an equal chance of selection.
5. Conclude with the correct choice: The option that describes a sample chosen without any bias, where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, best fits the definition of a random sample in organic chemistry experiments.