Which of the following environmental changes can affect the activity of enzymes?

• A. Light intensity
• B. Magnetic field
• C. $\mathrm{Temperature}$
• D. Pressure

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. Their activity can be influenced by various environmental factors.
2. Recognize that temperature is a key factor affecting enzyme activity. Enzymes have an optimal temperature range where they function most efficiently. Deviations from this range can lead to decreased activity or denaturation.
3. Consider how temperature affects enzyme structure. Increased temperature can increase kinetic energy, leading to more frequent collisions between enzyme and substrate, but excessive heat can disrupt hydrogen bonds and other interactions, altering the enzyme's active site.
4. Explore the concept of enzyme denaturation. At high temperatures, enzymes may lose their three-dimensional structure, rendering them inactive. This is because the specific shape of the enzyme is crucial for its function.
5. Reflect on the importance of maintaining appropriate temperature conditions in biological systems to ensure optimal enzyme activity, which is vital for metabolic processes and overall organism health.