Which functional group pairing allows one amino acid to bond with another during peptide bond formation?

• A. Methyl group (${\mathrm{CH}}_3$) and hydroxyl group ($-\mathrm{OH}$)
• B. Sulfhydryl group ($-\mathrm{SH}$) and phosphate group (${\mathrm{PO}}_4^\{3-\}$)
• C. Amino group ($-{\mathrm{NH}}_2$) and carboxyl group ($-{\mathrm{CO}}_{2}H$)
• D. Hydroxyl group ($-\mathrm{OH}$) and carbonyl group ($-\mathrm{CO}$)

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the structure of amino acids: Each amino acid contains an amino group (NH₂) and a carboxyl group (COOH). These are the key functional groups involved in peptide bond formation.
2. Recognize the process of peptide bond formation: During this process, the amino group of one amino acid reacts with the carboxyl group of another amino acid.
3. Identify the reaction type: The reaction between the amino group and the carboxyl group is a condensation reaction, where a molecule of water (H₂O) is released.
4. Visualize the bond formation: The nitrogen atom from the amino group forms a bond with the carbon atom of the carboxyl group, resulting in a peptide bond (C-N bond).
5. Consider the implications: This bond formation links amino acids together, creating a polypeptide chain, which is the basis for proteins.