Which type of reaction involves the addition of $H{2}_{}O$ to break a bond in organic molecules?

• A. Dehydration synthesis
• B. Reduction
• C. Oxidation
• D. Hydrolysis

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of hydrolysis: Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which water is used to break down the bonds of a particular substance. In organic chemistry, it often involves the cleavage of chemical bonds by the addition of water.
2. Identify the components involved in hydrolysis: Typically, hydrolysis involves the splitting of a molecule into two parts by the addition of a water molecule. The water molecule itself splits into a hydroxide ion (OH⁻) and a hydrogen ion (H⁺).
3. Recognize the types of bonds affected: In organic molecules, hydrolysis commonly affects ester bonds, amide bonds, and glycosidic bonds, among others. These bonds are broken down into smaller units.
4. Compare hydrolysis with other reactions: Unlike dehydration synthesis, which involves the removal of water to form bonds, hydrolysis adds water to break bonds. Reduction and oxidation involve electron transfer and do not primarily focus on water addition.
5. Apply the concept to real-world examples: Hydrolysis is a key reaction in biological processes, such as the digestion of food, where complex molecules like proteins and carbohydrates are broken down into simpler molecules.