What occurs during a dehydration synthesis reaction?

• A. An $O_2$ molecule is added to form a new bond.
• B. A $H_{2}O$ molecule is removed to form a new bond.
• C. A $H_{2}O$ molecule is added to break a bond.
• D. A $H_2$ molecule is removed to break a bond.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of dehydration synthesis: Dehydration synthesis is a type of chemical reaction where two molecules are joined together with the removal of a water molecule.
2. Identify the components involved: Typically, this reaction involves the removal of a hydroxyl group (OH) from one molecule and a hydrogen atom (H) from another, resulting in the formation of water (H₂O).
3. Recognize the bond formation: The removal of water facilitates the formation of a new covalent bond between the two molecules, often seen in the formation of polymers from monomers.
4. Differentiate from hydrolysis: Unlike dehydration synthesis, hydrolysis involves the addition of water to break bonds, which is the opposite process.
5. Apply the concept to biological systems: Dehydration synthesis is crucial in forming complex carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids, where monomers are linked to form polymers.