Why does $C$ play an important role in building the molecules of life?

• A. $C$ atoms are larger than most other atoms, providing stability to molecules.
• B. $C$ is the most electronegative element, making it highly reactive.
• C. $C$ can form $4$ covalent bonds, allowing for diverse and complex molecules.
• D. $C$ can only form single bonds, which makes it very stable.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Carbon is unique in its ability to form four covalent bonds due to having four electrons in its outer shell, which allows it to achieve a full octet by sharing electrons with other atoms.
2. This tetravalency enables carbon to form a wide variety of stable and complex structures, including chains, rings, and branches, which are essential for the diversity of organic molecules.
3. Carbon's ability to form double and triple bonds, in addition to single bonds, further increases the complexity and variety of organic compounds.
4. The versatility of carbon bonding is crucial for the formation of large biomolecules like proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, which are fundamental to life.
5. Carbon's relatively small size allows it to form strong covalent bonds with other elements, including hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other carbon atoms, contributing to the stability and functionality of biological molecules.