How does carbon's high valence contribute to its ability to form large and complex biomolecules?

• A. Carbon's high valence results in weak bonds, which are unsuitable for forming stable biomolecules.
• B. Carbon's high valence limits it to forming only single bonds, restricting the complexity of biomolecules.
• C. Carbon's high valence means it can only bond with hydrogen, limiting the diversity of biomolecules.
• D. Carbon's high valence allows it to form up to $4$ covalent bonds, enabling the creation of complex structures.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of valence: Valence refers to the ability of an atom to form bonds with other atoms. Carbon has a valence of four, meaning it can form four covalent bonds.
2. Recognize the significance of carbon's tetravalency: Carbon's ability to form four covalent bonds allows it to connect with a variety of other atoms, including hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other carbon atoms.
3. Explore the types of bonds carbon can form: Carbon can form single, double, and triple bonds, which contributes to the diversity and complexity of organic molecules.
4. Consider the structural implications: The ability to form multiple bonds allows carbon to create chains, branches, and rings, leading to a vast array of possible structures.
5. Conclude with the impact on biomolecules: Carbon's high valence and bonding versatility are fundamental to the formation of large and complex biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.