Which of the following conditions would violate the $\mathrm{Hardy}–\mathrm{Weinberg}$ equilibrium in a population?

• A. No mutation
• B. Large population size
• C. Random mating
• D. Natural selection

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: It is a principle that states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences.
2. Identify the conditions required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: These include no mutations, large population size, random mating, no natural selection, and no gene flow (migration).
3. Analyze each condition given in the problem: 'No mutation', 'Large population size', and 'Random mating' are all conditions that support Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
4. Consider the condition of 'Natural selection': Natural selection is a process where certain traits become more or less common in a population due to the differential reproductive success of individuals. This process can change allele frequencies, thus violating Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
5. Conclude that natural selection is the condition that would violate the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, as it introduces changes in allele frequencies over time.