Time to learn how to name amides. Amides are carboxylic acid derivatives. Again, pretty much everything that applies from a carboxylic acid derivative applies to an amide. We're going to replace the E ending of the parent chain with the suffix amide. That's pretty straightforward. The only thing that complicates an amide is that you've got the possibility for multiple R groups on the N. It's not like an ester, for example. Remember that in an ester, you can only have 1 R group on an O, and that's it. It's easy. But for nitrogen compounds, you can form 3 bonds. That means you could have up to 3 things coming off of that N. You're going to name them as substituents either on the N or N’ positions. It's just easier if I show you an example. This general structure would be N,N-dimethyl. Notice because I have methyl groups coming off of it. And then it would be alkanamide. Of course, I'm waiting to know what the identity of that R group is to figure out what I put here. You could use common names or IUPAC names. Remember to change your locations and descriptions with numbers or Greek letters depending on which one you're using. You guys are all set to start this example. Go ahead and try to name it, and then I'll help out.
Naming Amides - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems
Amide s aren't horribly difficult to name. Once we figure out the suffix, then all that is left is to name the R groups that come off the nitrogen. So don't be suprised if N,N is in your name somewhere.
Amide Nomenclature
Video transcript
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Name the molecule
Video transcript
Let's do the IUPAC name first. The IUPAC name would be 4 carbons. I would have a butanoic acid. Wow, that is not butanoic. Butanoic, but I'm going to change it to butanamide. Awesome. This becomes a butanamide. What substituents do I have? Because of the fact that this is IUPAC, I can just use numbers. It would be 2, 3. This is looking like a dimethyl anhydroxy. H comes before M. It's going to be in terms of the root name, it's going to be 2, comma oops, just a second. Hydroxy comes first. It's be 3-hydroxy, 2,3-dimethylbutanamide. But we're not done. We need to name the alkyl group on the N, and that always comes first. Did you guys have any problems naming this? This is called a vinyl group. That's just a common substituent you should know. This would be N-vinyl and then the rest of the name. N-vinyl and then you've got your root. Let's do common. Common is going to be a butyric acid. Instead of butyric acid, it would be butramide. We know that the substituents are going to be named using Greek symbols. Pretty much I'm actually going to move this over because I drew it too far out. I want to move it back in so I can have space for everything else. The N-vinyl doesn't change, guys. N-vinyl stays the same. But now I'm going to have all these substituents with Greek symbols and the Greek symbols I'm going to be using are alpha and beta. In alphabetical order, it would be beta-hydroxy and then alpha, beta-dimethylbutyramide. All right, guys. Awesome. Not so bad. Let's move on to the next problem.
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Draw the amide
Video transcript
For this one, maybe the most challenging thing was that you might have forgotten what a benzyl group looks like. Remember that's not a phenyl. Phenyl is a benzene ring directly attached. You're like, "Oh shoot, I forgot. Benzyl is a phenyl with an extra CH2." Let's draw our amide. Our amide looks like this. It's our general formula. Now in terms of the root, acetamide, that's just a 2 carbon chain. This is drawn correctly. I'm just going to keep it like this, CH3. That's my acetamide. Now I just need the N-alkyl groups and that's going to be 2 benzyl groups. It's going to be 1, 2 like this and 12 like this. Awesome. That's my compound. One thing that actually didn't come up in any of these examples but I want to make sure you know it is just what happens if you have 2 different substituents? Then you'd put those in alphabetical order on the end. If I had let's say an ethyl and a methyl, then that would turn into an ethyl N-methyl. You would not put N,N-ethyl methyl. That's wrong. You have to put the N before every substituent. Other than that, you should be good to go. Let's move on to the next topic.
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