Name the following:
e.
f.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Analyze the first structure. It consists of a benzene ring with two substituents: a methoxy group (-OCH₃) and an ethyl group (-CH₂CH₃).
2. Step 2: Determine the positions of the substituents on the benzene ring. The methoxy group is at position 1 (default starting point), and the ethyl group is at position 2 relative to the methoxy group.
3. Step 3: Name the first compound using IUPAC nomenclature. The substituents are named alphabetically, so 'ethoxybenzene' is incorrect. Instead, the name should reflect the substituents as '2-ethyl-1-methoxybenzene'.
4. Step 4: Analyze the second structure. It consists of a benzene ring with three substituents: a sulfonic acid group (-SO₃H) and two chlorine atoms (-Cl).
5. Step 5: Determine the positions of the substituents on the benzene ring. The sulfonic acid group is at position 1, and the chlorine atoms are at positions 2 and 4 relative to the sulfonic acid group. Name the compound as '2,4-dichlorobenzenesulfonic acid'.

Key Concepts

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. Understanding functional groups is essential in organic chemistry as they determine the properties and reactivity of organic compounds. Common examples include hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and amino (-NH2) groups.

Nomenclature

Nomenclature in organic chemistry refers to the systematic naming of organic compounds based on established rules. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) provides guidelines for naming compounds, which include identifying the longest carbon chain, naming functional groups, and assigning locants to indicate the position of substituents. Mastery of nomenclature is crucial for clear communication and understanding of organic structures.

Structural Representation

Structural representation involves depicting the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, which can be shown through various formats such as Lewis structures, condensed formulas, or skeletal structures. These representations help chemists visualize molecular geometry, bonding, and functional groups, which are vital for predicting reactivity and understanding the compound's behavior in chemical reactions.