Which statement about conjugation is false?

• A. Conjugation involves the overlap of $p$ orbitals across adjacent atoms.
• B. Conjugation can stabilize a molecule by lowering its overall energy.
• C. Conjugation increases the energy of the molecule.
• D. Conjugation results in the delocalization of electrons.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of conjugation: Conjugation in organic chemistry refers to the overlap of p orbitals across adjacent atoms, allowing for the delocalization of electrons. This is a key feature in stabilizing molecules.
2. Analyze the effects of conjugation: Conjugation typically stabilizes a molecule by lowering its overall energy. This occurs because the delocalization of electrons allows for a more even distribution of electron density, reducing potential energy.
3. Evaluate the statements: Review each statement provided in the problem. The first statement correctly describes conjugation as involving the overlap of p orbitals. The second statement correctly notes that conjugation can stabilize a molecule by lowering its energy.
4. Identify the false statement: The statement 'Conjugation increases the energy of the molecule' is false. Conjugation generally decreases the energy of a molecule due to electron delocalization, which stabilizes the molecule.
5. Confirm the correct understanding: The last statement correctly describes conjugation as resulting in the delocalization of electrons, which is a fundamental aspect of how conjugation stabilizes molecules.