Complete the table of ¹H NMR data you'd generate for each of the following molecules.
(c)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the structure of the molecule in question. Determine the number of hydrogen atoms and their environment within the molecule. This will help in predicting the number of signals in the ¹H NMR spectrum.
2. Determine the chemical shift for each type of hydrogen. Chemical shifts are influenced by the electronic environment surrounding the hydrogen atoms. Consider factors such as electronegativity of nearby atoms, hybridization, and aromaticity.
3. Assess the splitting pattern for each signal. The splitting pattern is determined by the number of neighboring hydrogen atoms (n+1 rule), where n is the number of adjacent hydrogens.
4. Calculate the integration of each signal. Integration corresponds to the number of hydrogen atoms contributing to each signal, providing information about the relative number of hydrogens in each environment.
5. Compile the data into a table format, listing the chemical shift, splitting pattern, and integration for each type of hydrogen in the molecule. This will provide a comprehensive overview of the ¹H NMR data for the molecule.

Key Concepts

¹H NMR Spectroscopy

¹H NMR (Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy is a technique used to determine the structure of organic compounds by analyzing the magnetic environment of hydrogen atoms. It provides information about the number of hydrogen atoms, their chemical environment, and how they are connected within a molecule. Peaks in an NMR spectrum correspond to different hydrogen environments, and their chemical shifts, multiplicity, and integration help deduce structural details.

Chemical Shift

Chemical shift in ¹H NMR refers to the position of an NMR signal relative to a standard reference compound, usually tetramethylsilane (TMS). It is measured in parts per million (ppm) and indicates the electronic environment of hydrogen atoms. Factors such as electronegativity of nearby atoms, hybridization, and hydrogen bonding can influence chemical shifts, helping to identify functional groups and structural features in a molecule.

Spin-Spin Coupling

Spin-spin coupling, also known as J-coupling, occurs when non-equivalent hydrogen atoms influence each other's magnetic environment, causing splitting of NMR signals into multiplets. The pattern and number of peaks in a multiplet provide information about the number of neighboring hydrogen atoms (n+1 rule) and their spatial relationship. This coupling helps elucidate the connectivity and relative positions of atoms within a molecule.