What is the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in acetamide:

• A. Equilibrating between sp² and sp³
• B. sp²
• C. sp³
• D. sp

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the structure of acetamide: Acetamide is an organic compound with the formula CH3CONH2. The structure shows a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to a nitrogen atom (NH2).
2. Determine the number of sigma bonds and lone pairs around the nitrogen atom: In acetamide, the nitrogen atom is bonded to one carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms, forming three sigma bonds. Additionally, there is one lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen.
3. Apply the hybridization rule: The hybridization of an atom can be determined by the formula: Hybridization = number of sigma bonds + number of lone pairs. For the nitrogen in acetamide, this is 3 sigma bonds + 1 lone pair = 4.
4. Relate the hybridization number to the type: A total of 4 corresponds to sp3 hybridization. However, due to resonance with the carbonyl group, the nitrogen can participate in resonance, which affects its hybridization.
5. Consider resonance effects: The lone pair on the nitrogen can delocalize into the carbonyl group, creating a partial double bond character between the nitrogen and the carbon. This resonance effect leads to sp2 hybridization for the nitrogen atom in acetamide.