Give the products of the following acid–base reactions and indicate whether reactants or products are favored at equilibrium.
a.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the acid and base on both sides of the reaction. The acid is the species that donates a proton (H⁺), and the base is the species that accepts a proton.
2. Determine the conjugate acid and conjugate base formed after the proton transfer. The acid loses a proton to form its conjugate base, and the base gains a proton to form its conjugate acid.
3. Use the pKa values provided in Section 2.3 to compare the acidity of the acid on the reactant side and the conjugate acid on the product side. Recall that a lower pKa value indicates a stronger acid.
4. Determine the direction of equilibrium by comparing the strengths of the acids. Equilibrium favors the side with the weaker acid (higher pKa value).
5. Write the products of the reaction, clearly indicating the conjugate acid and conjugate base, and state whether the equilibrium favors the reactants or products based on the pKa comparison.

Key Concepts

Acid-Base Reactions

Acid-base reactions involve the transfer of protons (H+) between reactants. An acid donates a proton, while a base accepts it. Understanding the nature of the acids and bases involved is crucial for predicting the products of the reaction and determining the direction of equilibrium.

pKa and Equilibrium

The pKa value is a measure of the strength of an acid; lower pKa values indicate stronger acids. In acid-base reactions, the equilibrium position can be predicted by comparing the pKa values of the acids and their conjugate bases. The reaction favors the side with the weaker acid (higher pKa) at equilibrium.

Equilibrium Position

The equilibrium position of a reaction indicates the relative concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium. In acid-base reactions, the favored side is determined by the stability of the resulting species, which is influenced by factors such as electronegativity and resonance. Understanding these concepts helps in predicting the outcome of the reaction.