Predict the products of the following reactions:
(i)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Identify the functional groups in the reactants. The molecule on the left contains a primary amine group (CH3NH2), and the molecule on the right contains an acyl chloride group (CH2-C(=O)-Cl). Pyridine is used as a base in this reaction.
2. Step 2: Understand the reaction mechanism. Acyl chlorides are highly reactive and undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions. The amine (CH3NH2) acts as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride.
3. Step 3: Describe the nucleophilic attack. The lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom of CH3NH2 attacks the electrophilic carbonyl carbon, forming a tetrahedral intermediate. The chloride ion (Cl⁻) is displaced as a leaving group.
4. Step 4: Role of pyridine. Pyridine acts as a base to neutralize the HCl formed during the reaction, ensuring the reaction proceeds efficiently and preventing side reactions.
5. Step 5: Predict the product. The final product is an amide, where the acyl chloride group is replaced by the amine group, forming CH3NH-C(=O)-CH2-cyclohexane.

Key Concepts

Reaction Mechanisms

Understanding reaction mechanisms is crucial in organic chemistry as they describe the step-by-step process by which reactants transform into products. This includes identifying intermediates, transition states, and the movement of electrons. Familiarity with mechanisms helps predict the outcome of reactions and the stability of products formed.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. Recognizing functional groups allows chemists to predict reactivity and the types of products that can be formed in a reaction. Common functional groups include alcohols, carboxylic acids, and amines.

Stereochemistry

Stereochemistry involves the study of the spatial arrangement of atoms in molecules and how this affects their chemical behavior. It is essential for predicting the products of reactions, especially in cases where chirality or geometric isomerism is involved. Understanding stereochemistry helps in determining the specific isomers that may be produced in a reaction.