Provide the IUPAC names for the following alkenes.
(a)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Identify the longest continuous carbon chain that contains the double bond. This chain will serve as the parent chain, and its name will be based on the number of carbons in the chain (e.g., ethene, propene, butene, etc.).
2. Step 2: Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain starting from the end closest to the double bond. This ensures that the double bond gets the lowest possible locant (position number).
3. Step 3: Identify and name any substituents (alkyl groups or other functional groups) attached to the parent chain. Assign each substituent a locant based on its position on the parent chain.
4. Step 4: Combine the substituent names and locants with the parent chain name. Place the locants of the double bond(s) before the parent chain name, and use the suffix '-ene' to indicate the presence of a double bond. If there are multiple double bonds, use prefixes such as 'diene,' 'triene,' etc., and include all locants for the double bonds.
5. Step 5: Ensure the name follows IUPAC rules, including alphabetical order for substituents and proper use of hyphens and commas. Double-check that the double bond locant is as low as possible.

Key Concepts

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming organic chemical compounds. It provides rules for naming alkenes based on the longest carbon chain containing the double bond, the position of the double bond, and substituents. Understanding these rules is essential for accurately identifying and naming alkenes.

Alkenes

Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond (C=C). They are unsaturated compounds, which means they have fewer hydrogen atoms than alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. Recognizing the structure and properties of alkenes is crucial for their correct naming and understanding their reactivity.

Numbering the Carbon Chain

In IUPAC nomenclature, the carbon chain must be numbered to give the double bond the lowest possible number. This involves identifying the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms and assigning numbers to each carbon, starting from the end closest to the double bond. This step is vital for determining the correct name of the alkene.