Draw the ¹H NMR spectrum you would expect to see for each of the molecules in Assessment 15.63.
(c)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the structure of the molecule in question from Assessment 15.63, part c. Determine the number of unique hydrogen environments in the molecule. Each unique environment will correspond to a different signal in the ¹H NMR spectrum.
2. Analyze the chemical environment of each set of equivalent hydrogens. Consider factors such as electronegativity of nearby atoms, hybridization of the carbon atoms to which the hydrogens are attached, and any resonance effects that might influence the chemical shift.
3. Predict the splitting pattern for each signal based on the number of neighboring hydrogens (n+1 rule). For example, if a set of hydrogens has two neighboring hydrogens, the signal will be split into a triplet.
4. Estimate the chemical shift range for each signal using typical ¹H NMR chemical shift values. For instance, hydrogens on sp³ hybridized carbons typically appear between 0-3 ppm, while those on sp² hybridized carbons appear between 4.5-7 ppm.
5. Consider the integration of each signal, which corresponds to the relative number of hydrogens contributing to that signal. This will help in determining the relative intensity of each peak in the spectrum.

Key Concepts

¹H NMR Spectroscopy

¹H NMR spectroscopy is a technique used to determine the structure of organic compounds by analyzing the magnetic environment of hydrogen atoms. It provides information about the number of hydrogen atoms, their chemical environment, and how they are connected within a molecule. Peaks in the spectrum correspond to different hydrogen environments, and their chemical shifts, multiplicity, and integration help deduce molecular structure.

Chemical Shift

Chemical shift in NMR spectroscopy refers to the position of a signal in the spectrum, measured in parts per million (ppm). It indicates the electronic environment surrounding a nucleus, influenced by nearby electronegative atoms or functional groups. Understanding chemical shifts is crucial for identifying the types of hydrogen atoms present in a molecule and their relative positions.

Spin-Spin Coupling

Spin-spin coupling, or J-coupling, occurs when magnetic interactions between neighboring hydrogen nuclei split NMR signals into multiplets. This splitting provides information about the number of adjacent hydrogen atoms, helping to elucidate the connectivity and arrangement of atoms within a molecule. The pattern and number of peaks in a multiplet reveal the number of neighboring hydrogens.