Draw a structure for each of the following:
c. o-nitroaniline

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the parent structure: The parent compound is aniline, which has the structure of a benzene ring with an amino group (-NH₂) attached to it.
2. Understand the substituents: The compound has two substituents, a nitro group (-NO₂) and an amino group (-NH₂). The prefix 'o-' (ortho) indicates that these two groups are adjacent to each other on the benzene ring.
3. Assign positions on the benzene ring: Place the amino group (-NH₂) at position 1 (arbitrarily chosen as the reference point). Then, place the nitro group (-NO₂) at position 2, which is adjacent to the amino group.
4. Draw the structure: Start with a benzene ring. Attach the -NH₂ group to one carbon atom and the -NO₂ group to the adjacent carbon atom, ensuring they are in the ortho position relative to each other.
5. Double-check the structure: Verify that the substituents are correctly placed and that the structure adheres to the IUPAC naming conventions for o-nitroaniline.

Key Concepts

Aromatic Compounds

Aromatic compounds are a class of cyclic compounds that follow Huckel's rule, which states that they must have a planar structure with a specific number of pi electrons (4n + 2). These compounds exhibit unique stability due to resonance, allowing for delocalization of electrons. Understanding the structure of aromatic compounds is essential for drawing derivatives like o-nitroaniline.

Substitution Reactions

Substitution reactions in organic chemistry involve the replacement of one functional group in a molecule with another. In the case of o-nitroaniline, the nitro group (-NO2) is substituted onto the aromatic ring of aniline (C6H5NH2) at the ortho position. Recognizing the mechanism of electrophilic aromatic substitution is crucial for accurately depicting the structure.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In o-nitroaniline, the amino group (-NH2) and the nitro group (-NO2) are key functional groups that influence the compound's reactivity and properties. Identifying these groups is vital for understanding the compound's behavior in chemical reactions.