Name the following:
a.
b.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Analyze the structure in part (i). The molecule contains a pyridine ring (a six-membered aromatic ring with one nitrogen atom) substituted with a bromine atom and an ethyl group. Identify the positions of the substituents relative to the nitrogen atom in the pyridine ring.
2. Step 2: Assign locants to the substituents in part (i). The nitrogen atom in the pyridine ring is position 1. The bromine atom is at position 3, and the ethyl group is at position 4. Use the lowest possible locants for naming.
3. Step 3: Combine the substituents and the parent name for part (i). The parent name is 'pyridine,' and the substituents are '3-bromo' and '4-ethyl.' Assemble the name in alphabetical order of the substituents.
4. Step 4: Analyze the structure in part (ii). The molecule contains a piperidine ring (a six-membered saturated ring with one nitrogen atom) substituted with a methyl group and an ethyl group. Identify the positions of the substituents relative to the nitrogen atom in the piperidine ring.
5. Step 5: Assign locants to the substituents in part (ii). The nitrogen atom in the piperidine ring is position 1. The methyl group is at position 2, and the ethyl group is at position 4. Use the lowest possible locants for naming. Combine the substituents and the parent name 'piperidine' in alphabetical order.

Key Concepts

Benzene Derivatives

Benzene derivatives are compounds that contain a benzene ring, which is a six-carbon ring with alternating double bonds. The presence of substituents, such as halogens or functional groups, can significantly alter the chemical properties and reactivity of the benzene ring. Understanding how to identify and name these derivatives is crucial in organic chemistry.

Nomenclature of Organic Compounds

Nomenclature refers to the systematic naming of organic compounds according to established rules, such as those set by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). This includes identifying the longest carbon chain, naming substituents, and determining the correct numbering of the carbon atoms to provide a unique and informative name for each compound.

Substituent Effects

Substituent effects describe how different groups attached to a benzene ring can influence its reactivity and stability. For example, electron-donating groups can activate the ring towards electrophilic substitution, while electron-withdrawing groups can deactivate it. Recognizing these effects is essential for predicting the behavior of benzene derivatives in chemical reactions.