Predict the products of the following reactions.
(a)
(b)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Analyze the first reaction (CH₃CH₂Br + Mg → ether). This is a Grignard reagent formation reaction. In the presence of ether, magnesium reacts with an alkyl halide to form an organomagnesium compound. The product will be ethylmagnesium bromide (CH₃CH₂MgBr).
2. Step 2: Write the balanced chemical equation for the first reaction. The reaction proceeds as: CH₃CH₂Br + Mg → CH₃CH₂MgBr (in ether).
3. Step 3: Analyze the second reaction (isobutyl iodide + 2Li → hexane). This is an organolithium formation reaction. Lithium replaces the iodine atom in the alkyl halide to form isobutyllithium (C₄H₉Li).
4. Step 4: Write the balanced chemical equation for the second reaction. The reaction proceeds as: C₄H₉I + 2Li → C₄H₉Li + LiI (in hexane).
5. Step 5: Summarize the products. The first reaction produces ethylmagnesium bromide (CH₃CH₂MgBr), and the second reaction produces isobutyllithium (C₄H₉Li) along with lithium iodide (LiI) as a byproduct.

Key Concepts

Reaction Mechanisms

Understanding reaction mechanisms is crucial in organic chemistry as they describe the step-by-step process by which reactants transform into products. This includes identifying intermediates, transition states, and the movement of electrons. Familiarity with mechanisms helps predict the outcome of reactions and the stability of products formed.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. Recognizing functional groups allows chemists to predict reactivity patterns and the types of reactions that can occur, which is essential for determining the products of a given reaction.

Stereochemistry

Stereochemistry involves the study of the spatial arrangement of atoms in molecules and how this affects their chemical behavior. It is important for predicting the products of reactions, especially in cases where chirality or geometric isomerism plays a role. Understanding stereochemical outcomes can influence the selectivity and yield of desired products.